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"OCD is characterized by the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both," says Dr. Erin Engle. It's those intrusive thoughts that spur tell-tale OCD behaviors like repeated hand washing.

Lower diagnosis rates for Hispanic children and girls might be partly explained by cultural biases and not necessarily a lower risk of autism for these children, said Dr. Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele.

Dr. Jonathan Stewart, who is currently running a wake therapy trial, only keeps patients awake for one night. “I couldn’t see a lot of people agreeing to stay in hospital for three nights," he said.

"Several mental illnesses have at least some genetic component," Dr. Ravi Shah said. "Broadly speaking, family history of mental illness raises the risk of mental illness in patients on average."